¿Cómo usar WPScan para encontrar vulnerabilidades de seguridad en sitios de WordPress?
Millones de sitios web funcionan con WordPress y ocupan la posición número uno, con el 62% de la cuota de mercado en el mundo de los CMS.
Un informe reciente de vulnerabilidad de aplicaciones web de Acunetix muestra que alrededor del 30% de los sitios de WordPress son vulnerables.
Hay un montón de escáner de seguridad en línea para escanear su sitio web. Sin embargo, si busca software para instalar y escanear desde su servidor, entonces WPScan es su amigo. Es útil si su sitio web está en un lugar privado.ate red o Intranet donde Internet no está disponible. O desea probar varios sitios varias veces.
WPScan es un software gratuito que le ayuda a identificar los problemas de seguridad.related problemas en su sitio de WordPress. Hace varias cosas como:
- Verifique si el sitio está usando una versión vulnerable de WP
- Compruebe si un tema y un complemento están actualizadosate o se sabe que es vulnerable
- Compruebe Timthumbs
- Compruebe la copia de seguridad de la configuración, las exportaciones de bases de datos
- Ataque de fuerza bruta
y mucho mas ...
Hay varias formas de utilizar WPScan.
- Instalando en servidores Linux
- Usando Docker
- Usando una distribución de Linux preinstalada como Kali Linux, AtrásBox, Pentoo, BlackArch, etc.
- Versión en línea
Usando en CentOS
Los siguientes se prueban en CentOS 7.x.
- Inicie sesión en CentOS con root
- Actualizaciónate el repositorio
yum update -y- Instalar latest Ruby y sus dependencias
yum -y install curl gpg gcc gcc-c++ make patch autoconf automake bison libffi-devel libtool patch readline-devel sqlite-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel && gpg --keyserver hkp://pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3 7D2BAF1CF37B13E2069D6956105BD0E739499BDB && curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable --ruby
- Instalar Ruby Nokogiri
yum -y install rubygem-nokogiri
- Reinicie el servidor y luego instale WPScan usando
gemcomando
gem install wpscanLa instalación tardará unos segundos, y una vez hecho esto; Debería ver algo como esto.
Done installing documentation for ffi, get_process_mem, mini_portile2, nokogiri, concurrent-ruby, i18n, thread_safe, tzinfo, zeitwerk, activesupport, public_suffix, addressable, opt_parse_validator, ruby-progressbar, ethon, typhoeus, yajl-ruby, sys-proctable, cms_scanner, wpscan after 32 seconds
20 gems installed
WPScan está instalado y listo para usar ahora. Ejecutar wpscan y debería ver que regresa a continuación.
[root@lab ~]# wpscan
One of the following options is required: url, update, help, hh, version
Please use --help/-h for the list of available options.
[root@lab ~]#Aquí está el resultado de una de las pruebas del sitio.
[root@lab ~]# wpscan --url https://geekflaresg.com
_______________________________________________________________
__ _______ _____
/ / __ / ____|
/ / /| |__) | (___ ___ __ _ _ __ ®
/ / / | ___/ ___ / __|/ _` | '_
/ / | | ____) | (__| (_| | | | |
/ / |_| |_____/ ___|__,_|_| |_|
WordPress Security Scanner by the WPScan Team
Version 3.7.6
Sponsored by Automattic - https://automattic.com/
@_WPScan_, @ethicalhack3r, @erwan_lr, @firefart
_______________________________________________________________
[+] URL: https://geekflaresg.com/
[+] Started: Wed Jan 8 21:14:16 2020
Interesting Finding(s):
[+] https://geekflaresg.com/
| Interesting Entries:
| - Server: nginx
| - X-Cache-Enabled: True
| - Host-Header: 5d77dd967d63c3104bced1db0cace49c
| - X-Proxy-Cache: MISS
| Found By: Headers (Passive Detection)
| Confidence: 100%
[+] https://geekflaresg.com/robots.txt
| Interesting Entries:
| - /wp-admin/
| - /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php
| Found By: Robots Txt (Aggressive Detection)
| Confidence: 100%
[+] https://geekflaresg.com/xmlrpc.php
| Found By: Direct Access (Aggressive Detection)
| Confidence: 100%
| References:
| - http://codex.wordpress.org/XML-RPC_Pingback_API
| - https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/wordpress_ghost_scanner
| - https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/dos/http/wordpress_xmlrpc_dos
| - https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/wordpress_xmlrpc_login
| - https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/wordpress_pingback_access
[+] https://geekflaresg.com/readme.html
| Found By: Direct Access (Aggressive Detection)
| Confidence: 100%
[+] https://geekflaresg.com/wp-cron.php
| Found By: Direct Access (Aggressive Detection)
| Confidence: 60%
| References:
| - https://www.iplocation.net/defend-wordpress-from-ddos
| - https://github.com/wpscanteam/wpscan/issues/1299
[+] WordPress version 5.3.2 identified (Latest, released on 2019-12-18).
| Found By: Rss Generator (Passive Detection)
| - https://geekflaresg.com/feed/, https://wordpress.org/?v=5.3.2
| - https://geekflaresg.com/comments/feed/, https://wordpress.org/?v=5.3.2
[+] WordPress theme in use: twentyseventeen
| Location: https://geekflaresg.com/wp-content/themes/twentyseventeen/
| Last Updated: 2019-05-07T00:00:00.000Z
| Readme: https://geekflaresg.com/wp-content/themes/twentyseventeen/README.txt
| [!] The version is out of date, the latest version is 2.2
| Style URL: https://geekflaresg.com/wp-content/themes/twentyseventeen/style.css
| Style Name: Twenty Seventeen
| Style URI: https://wordpress.org/themes/twentyseventeen/
| Description: Twenty Seventeen brings your site to life with header video and immersive featured images. With a fo...
| Author: the WordPress team
| Author URI: https://wordpress.org/
|
| Found By: Urls In Homepage (Passive Detection)
| Confirmed By: Urls In 404 Page (Passive Detection)
|
| Version: 2.1 (80% confidence)
| Found By: Style (Passive Detection)
| - https://geekflaresg.com/wp-content/themes/twentyseventeen/style.css, Match: 'Version: 2.1'
[+] Enumerating All Plugins (via Passive Methods)
[i] No plugins Found.
[+] Enumerating Config Backups (via Passive and Aggressive Methods)
Checking Config Backups - Time: 00:00:01 <===================================================================================================> (21 / 21) 100.00% Time: 00:00:01
[i] No Config Backups Found.
[!] No WPVulnDB API Token given, as a result vulnerability data has not been output.
[!] You can get a free API token with 50 daily requests by registering at https://wpvulndb.com/users/sign_up
[+] Finished: Wed Jan 8 21:14:28 2020
[+] Requests Done: 51
[+] Cached Requests: 7
[+] Data Sent: 9.52 KB
[+] Data Received: 369.97 KB
[+] Memory used: 202.898 MB
[+] Elapsed time: 00:00:12
[root@lab ~]#
Nota: si necesita datos de vulnerabilidad en la salida, debe utilizar sus API.
Si está interesado en probar métricas específicas, consulte la ayuda ejecutando wpscan con --help sintaxis.
[root@lab ~]# wpscan --hh
_______________________________________________________________
__ _______ _____
/ / __ / ____|
/ / /| |__) | (___ ___ __ _ _ __ ®
/ / / | ___/ ___ / __|/ _` | '_
/ / | | ____) | (__| (_| | | | |
/ / |_| |_____/ ___|__,_|_| |_|
WordPress Security Scanner by the WPScan Team
Version 3.7.6
Sponsored by Automattic - https://automattic.com/
@_WPScan_, @ethicalhack3r, @erwan_lr, @firefart
_______________________________________________________________
Usage: wpscan [options]
--url URL The URL of the blog to scan
Allowed Protocols: http, https
Default Protocol if none provided: http
This option is mandatory unless update or help or hh or version is/are supplied
-h, --help Display the simple help and exit
--hh Display the full help and exit
--version Display the version and exit
--ignore-main-redirect Ignore the main redirect (if any) and scan the target url
-v, --verbose Verbose mode
--[no-]banner Whether or not to display the banner
Default: true
--max-scan-duration SECONDS Abort the scan if it exceeds the time provided in seconds
-o, --output FILE Output to FILE
-f, --format FORMAT Output results in the format supplied
Available choices: cli-no-colour, cli-no-color, cli, json
--detection-mode MODE Default: mixed
Available choices: mixed, passive, aggressive
--scope DOMAINS Comma separated (sub-)domains to consider in scope.
Wildcard(s) allowed in the trd of valid domains, e.g: *.target.tld
Separator to use between the values: ','
--user-agent, --ua VALUE
--headers HEADERS Additional headers to append in requests
Separator to use between the headers: '; '
Examples: 'X-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1', 'X-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1; Another: aaa'
--vhost VALUE The virtual host (Host header) to use in requests
--random-user-agent, --rua Use a random user-agent for each scan
--user-agents-list FILE-PATH List of agents to use with --random-user-agent
Default: /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.3/gems/cms_scanner-0.8.1/app/user_agents.txt
--http-auth login:password
-t, --max-threads VALUE The max threads to use
Default: 5
--throttle MilliSeconds Milliseconds to wait before doing another web request. If used, the max threads will be set to 1.
--request-timeout SECONDS The request timeout in seconds
Default: 60
--connect-timeout SECONDS The connection timeout in seconds
Default: 30
--disable-tls-checks Disables SSL/TLS certificate verification, and downgrade to TLS1.0+ (requires cURL 7.66 for the latter)
--proxy protocol://IP:port Supported protocols depend on the <a href="https://geekflare.com/proxy-with-curl-and-wget/">cURL</a> installed
--proxy-auth login:password
--cookie-string COOKIE Cookie string to use in requests, format: cookie1=value1[; cookie2=value2]
--cookie-jar FILE-PATH File to read and write cookies
Default: /tmp/wpscan/cookie_jar.txt
--cache-ttl TIME_TO_LIVE The cache time to live in seconds
Default: 600
--clear-cache Clear the cache before the scan
--cache-dir PATH Default: /tmp/wpscan/cache
--server SERVER Force the supplied server module to be loaded
Available choices: apache, iis, nginx
--force Do not check if the target is running WordPress
--[no-]update Whether or not to update the Database
--api-token TOKEN The WPVulnDB API Token to display vulnerability data
--wp-content-dir DIR The wp-content directory if custom or not detected, such as "wp-content"
--wp-plugins-dir DIR The plugins directory if custom or not detected, such as "wp-content/plugins"
--interesting-findings-detection MODE Use the supplied mode for the interesting findings detection.
Available choices: mixed, passive, aggressive
--wp-version-all Check all the version locations
--wp-version-detection MODE Use the supplied mode for the WordPress version detection, instead of the global (--detection-mode) mode.
Available choices: mixed, passive, aggressive
--main-theme-detection MODE Use the supplied mode for the Main theme detection, instead of the global (--detection-mode) mode.
Available choices: mixed, passive, aggressive
-e, --enumerate [OPTS] Enumeration Process
Available Choices:
vp Vulnerable plugins
ap All plugins
p Popular plugins
vt Vulnerable themes
at All themes
t Popular themes
tt Timthumbs
cb Config backups
dbe Db exports
u User IDs range. e.g: u1-5
Range separator to use: '-'
Value if no argument supplied: 1-10
m Media IDs range. e.g m1-15
Note: Permalink setting must be set to "Plain" for those to be detected
Range separator to use: '-'
Value if no argument supplied: 1-100
Separator to use between the values: ','
Default: All Plugins, Config Backups
Value if no argument supplied: vp,vt,tt,cb,dbe,u,m
Incompatible choices (only one of each group/s can be used):
- vp, ap, p
- vt, at, t
--exclude-content-based REGEXP_OR_STRING Exclude all responses matching the Regexp (case insensitive) during parts of the enumeration.
Both the headers and body are checked. Regexp delimiters are not required.
--plugins-list LIST List of plugins to enumerate
Examples: 'a1', 'a1,a2,a3', '/tmp/a.txt'
--plugins-detection MODE Use the supplied mode to enumerate Plugins, instead of the global (--detection-mode) mode.
Default: passive
Available choices: mixed, passive, aggressive
--plugins-version-all Check all the plugins version locations according to the choosen mode (--detection-mode, --plugins-detection and --plugins-version-detection)
--plugins-version-detection MODE Use the supplied mode to check plugins versions instead of the --detection-mode or --plugins-detection modes.
Default: mixed
Available choices: mixed, passive, aggressive
--plugins-threshold THRESHOLD Raise an error when the number of detected plugins via known locations reaches the threshold. Set to 0 to ignore the threshold.
Default: 100
--themes-list LIST List of themes to enumerate
Examples: 'a1', 'a1,a2,a3', '/tmp/a.txt'
--themes-detection MODE Use the supplied mode to enumerate Themes, instead of the global (--detection-mode) mode.
Available choices: mixed, passive, aggressive
--themes-version-all Check all the themes version locations according to the choosen mode (--detection-mode, --themes-detection and --themes-version-detection)
--themes-version-detection MODE Use the supplied mode to check themes versions instead of the --detection-mode or --themes-detection modes.
Available choices: mixed, passive, aggressive
--themes-threshold THRESHOLD Raise an error when the number of detected themes via known locations reaches the threshold. Set to 0 to ignore the threshold.
Default: 20
--timthumbs-list FILE-PATH List of timthumbs' location to use
Default: /root/.wpscan/db/timthumbs-v3.txt
--timthumbs-detection MODE Use the supplied mode to enumerate Timthumbs, instead of the global (--detection-mode) mode.
Available choices: mixed, passive, aggressive
--config-backups-list FILE-PATH List of config backups' filenames to use
Default: /root/.wpscan/db/config_backups.txt
--config-backups-detection MODE Use the supplied mode to enumerate Config Backups, instead of the global (--detection-mode) mode.
Available choices: mixed, passive, aggressive
--db-exports-list FILE-PATH List of DB exports' paths to use
Default: /root/.wpscan/db/db_exports.txt
--db-exports-detection MODE Use the supplied mode to enumerate DB Exports, instead of the global (--detection-mode) mode.
Available choices: mixed, passive, aggressive
--medias-detection MODE Use the supplied mode to enumerate Medias, instead of the global (--detection-mode) mode.
Available choices: mixed, passive, aggressive
--users-list LIST List of users to check during the users enumeration from the Login Error Messages
Examples: 'a1', 'a1,a2,a3', '/tmp/a.txt'
--users-detection MODE Use the supplied mode to enumerate Users, instead of the global (--detection-mode) mode.
Available choices: mixed, passive, aggressive
-P, --passwords FILE-PATH List of passwords to use during the password attack.
If no --username/s option supplied, user enumeration will be run.
-U, --usernames LIST List of usernames to use during the password attack.
Examples: 'a1', 'a1,a2,a3', '/tmp/a.txt'
--multicall-max-passwords MAX_PWD Maximum number of passwords to send by request with XMLRPC multicall
Default: 500
--password-attack ATTACK Force the supplied attack to be used rather than automatically determining one.
Available choices: wp-login, xmlrpc, xmlrpc-multicall
--stealthy Alias for --random-user-agent --detection-mode passive --plugins-version-detection passive
[root@lab ~]#
Usando WPScan en Kali Linux
La belleza de usar Kali Linux es que no tiene que instalar nada. WPScan está preinstalado.
Averigüemos cómo ejecutar el escáner.
- Inicie sesión en Kali Linux con root y terminal abierta
- Ejecute el escaneo usando
wpscancomando
wpscan --url https://mysite.comUsando Docker
¿Un fan de Docker?
Por qué no, es fácil comenzar. Asegúrate de tener Docker instalado.
- Extraer la imagen de la ventana acoplable WPScan
docker pull wpscanteam/wpscan- Una vez tirado, ejecútalo como se muestra a continuación.
docker run -it --rm wpscanteam/wpscan --url https://example.com¿Fácil?
Escáner en línea con tecnología WPScan
solicite leverenvejezca las siguientes herramientas impulsadas por WPScan.
Geekflare
Geekflare Escáner de seguridad de WordPress le permite averiguar rápidamente si un sitio de WordPress tiene una versión, tema, complemento, etc. de núcleo vulnerable.
Además de las métricas de WPScan, también verifica lo siguiente.
- ¿Está expuesta la consola de administración?
- Si Google lo considera seguro
- Accesible a través de HTTPS
- Si las bibliotecas de JavaScript de front-end son vulnerables
No es necesario que registre una cuenta; puede ejecutar la prueba a pedido en forma GRATUITA.
Pentest-Tools
Una herramienta de Pentest-Tools le permite probar el sitio de WP a pedido y producir el informe.
¿Qué es lo siguiente?
¡Bien hecho! Si su sitio no es vulnerable. Sin embargo, si es así, entonces trabaje en esos elementos de riesgo. Si no está seguro de cómo mitigarate ellos, luego toma ayuda profesional.
