Las 8 principales herramientas de infraestructura como código (IaC) para 2023

Infrastructure and operation teams across industries always look for efficient ways to build and deploy more agile, flexible, and scalable applications. The traditional method of manually configuring infrastructure environments is laborious and prone to errors.

Para superar este desafío, muchas organizaciones ahora están recurriendo a Infraestructura como código (IaC). IaC proporciona DevOps and NetOps teams with a consistent way to automate the provisioning, configuration, and management of IT resources such as networks, storage systems, servers, VMs, and equilibradores de carga.

¿Qué es IaC?

Infraestructura como código (IaC) is a method of managing and provisioning IT resources using code or machine-readable definition files instead of physical hardware configuration. IaC helps organizations reduce costs, increase speed and eliminate riesgos asociadosated with manual configuration.

IaC is an important part of DevOps practices as it helps to automate and standardize the provisioning of cloud resources. It also enables organizations to replicate environments quickly and accurately and scale their operations.

Tipos de enfoques

Hay dos enfoques para IaC. Incluyen declarativo (funcional) versus imperativo (procedimiento).

• Declarativo (funcional): The declarative approach uses the “desired state” concept to define the system requirements. In this approach, you only need to define the target configuration you want for your infrastructure, and the system will apply the necessary changes to reach that state. 

• Imperativo (procedimental): El enfoque imperativo utiliza un método "paso a paso" o procedimental para definir los requisitos ambientales. Este enfoque requiere que proporcione instrucciones que deben seguirse para alcanzar la configuración deseada.

Factores a considerar al comprar las mejores herramientas IaC

La mejor solución de IaC para usted depende de sus necesidades y preferencias de infraestructura. Hay varios factores a considerar al investigar y comprar software IaC. 

#1. Automatización  

Automation helps reduce the risks associated with human error due to manual deployment, configuration, and management of your infrastructure. automated deployments puede ayudar a mantener los costos bajos al reducir los errores, mejorar la velocidad y optimizar las cargas de trabajo. Muchas herramientas de IaC ofrecen funciones de automatización, por lo que es importante comparar diferentes productos en términos de capacidades de automatización.

#2. Escalabilidad

DevOps best practices recommend having the ability to scale up or down easily and quickly to accommodate changing resource demands. Look for an IaC tool that offers scalability features such as dynamic orchestration or autoscaling. This will ensure that your environment is equipped with enough resources for current and future demands without overprovisioning or wasting resources. Some IaC tools even support advanced scalability options such as rolling updates o despliegue azul-verde strategies, allowing for safe, seamless updates without downtime or disruption.

#3. Costo

One of the main advantages of using IaC tools is its cost savings compared to manual infrastructure setup and maintenance. The right IaC tool should balance cost efficiency with the features that matter most to your organization. Compare pricing models between vendors and check out free trials before deciding on a solution. Additionally, research what licensing fees may apply for additional users or third-aplicaciones de fiesta.

#4. Integración y extensibilidad

When selecting an IaC tool, finding one that offers robust integration and extensibility options is important. Ensure the IaC tool has APIs for integrating with external services and systems and a library of plugins to extend the product’s capabilities. This gives you the flexibility to customize your workflow according to your specific needs. Additionally, good extensibility options allow you to create custom integrations and connectors if needed.

#5. Seguridad y soporte

La seguridad siempre debe ser una prioridad al evaluar cualquier tecnología. Muchas soluciones de IaC ofrecen funciones de seguridad integradas como gestión de acceso a identidades (IAM), cifrado y pérdida de datos.revention. It is also beneficial to select an IaC solution with dedicated customer service and technical support teams who can assist you throughout the implementation and adoption process. Find out what type of technical assistance they provide – whether it’s live chat, email, phone calls, or forums – so you know where to turn in case of problems. 

Ahora veamos algunas de las mejores herramientas de IaC.

Terraformación de HashiCorp

Terraformación de HashiCorp is an open-source IaC software tool. It provides a consistent workflow to provision and manage your infrastructure on any cloud, including public, private, and hybrid cloud environments.

With Terraform, users can define their cloud infrastructure in a declarative configuration language called HashiCorp Configuration Language (HCL). The Terraform platform then automates el creation y gestión de la infraestructura de la nube en función de la configuración definida.  

Caracteristicas

• Terraform supports operating systems, including Linux, FreeBSD, macOS, OpenBSD, Solaris, and Microsoft Windows.
• Terraform funciona bien con los existentes DevOps workflows y marcos de orquestación populares como Kubernetes.
• Integrarates with version control system (VCS), Information technology service management (ITSM), and Integración continua (CI) y entrega continua (CD) tuberías
• Se puede utilizar para la implementación de varias nubes.
• Manage network infrastructure, such as updating load balancer member pools or applying firewall políticas.

La solución está disponible en dos versiones: una gratuita y descargable De código abierto selfadministrado that can run locally with your environment and a paid version, Terraform Cloud for team and governance, starting at $20 per user – They also offer a business plan which features drift detección, SSO, audit logs, self-hosted agents and custom concurrency. Pricing for the business plan is available upon request.

Pulumi

Pulumi anuncia su platform as “infrastructure as code for engineers.” It has the ability to provision infrastructure with a mix of languages and technologies, including TypeScript, Python, Go, C#, and JavaYAML.

El código abierto platform is designed to help developers create and manage cloud resources across different providers. Pulumi also offers project templates for various use cases, including Containers, Kubernetes App, Kubernetes Cluster, Sin servidor, sitios web estáticos y máquinas virtuales. 

Caracteristicas

• Control de acceso basado en roles (RBAC)
• Integrarates with several CI/CD systems, including AWS code service, Circle CI, GitLab CI, Jenkins, Azure DevOps, and more.
• Proporciona registros de auditoría para rastrear las actividades de los usuarios dentro de la organización.
• Admite varios idiomas, como Python, TypeScript, JavaScript, Go, C#, F#, Java y YAML 
• Pulumi proporciona política como código a través de CrossGuard, una herramienta de código abierto que le permite escribir reglas en Python, JavaScript o Open Policy Agent (OPA) Rego

Pulumi offers multiple paid plans, including a team plan, an enterprise plan (custom pricing), a business-critical plan (custom quote), and a free plan for an individual. They also offer a 14-day free trial.

Ascensor espacial

Ascensor espacial is a CI/CD solution built for cloud-agnostic IaC software. Spacelift development platform is built around the concept of policy-as-code using an open policy agent (OPA) framework, which allows users to define policies that involve various decision points in the application, such as login, access, approval, and initialization decision.

Caracteristicas

• Ofrece gestión de flujo de trabajo declarativo con un agente de política abierta (OPA)
• Admite identidad compatible con SAML 2.0
• Integrarates with Terraform, CloudFormation, Pulumi, and Kubernetes
• Support role-based security policies, custom approval flows, and arbitrary git flow.
• Supports several cloud platforms (AWS, GCP, and Microsoft Azure)

Spacelift ofrece una prueba gratuita de 14 días y varios planes pagos, según los requisitos del cliente.

Formación en la nube de AWS

Formación en la nube de AWS is a service that enables you to model, provision, and manage AWS and third-party resource deployments predictably and repeatedly. It allows you to build applications on other Amazon products like Amazon EC2, elastic block store, SNS, elastic load balancing, and auto-scaling without having to configure the underlying AWS infrastructure.

Caracteristicas

• Le permite usar lenguajes declarativos de código abierto como JSON o YAML.
• Defina su entorno de nube usando TypeScript, Python, Java y .NET.
• Model and provision third-party resources and modules published by AWS Partner Network (APN) and the developer community.
• Cree aplicaciones sin servidor con SAM.

AWS CloudFormation uses pay per user pricing model, and they only charge your per handler operation create, arribaate, delete, read, or list actions. They offer a free tier with limited options. You may contact the AWS CloudFormation sales team for custom quotes or use the Calculadora de precios de AWS to get an estimate.

Marioneta

Marioneta is an open-source configuration management and automation platform designed to provision resources, manage infrastructure, and achieve and maintain compliance in your on-prem systems, cloud infrastructure, or in your hybrid IT environment.  

Caracteristicas

• Puppet supports AWS, Microsoft Azure, GCP, VMware, WindowLinux, Windows OS, and Oracle.
• Ofrece amplias integraciones con varios servicios en la nube, recursos de DSC, infraestructura, políticas como código, administración de secretos y tecnologías de virtualización. 
• Las capacidades de monitoreo e informes en tiempo real le permiten encontrar drift y errores de cumplimiento.
• Utiliza la política como código para simplificar y aplicar el cumplimiento.

Puppet rates aren’t published on their website, but you can fill out a short form on the website pricing page to request quotes.

Chef (Chef de progreso)

Chef provides a flexible framework for infrastructures, applications, and services deployment and management. The Chef platform comprises components such as cookbooks, recipes, roles, and environments which are used to create and manage the desired infrastructure state.

Caracteristicas

• Integrarates con Azure, AWS, Docker, Kubernetes, Terraform, and VMware
• Soporte AIOps
• automates security, infrastructure, and application
• Admite arquitecturas heredadas complejas, híbridas, en las instalaciones y con múltiples sistemas operativos.
• Automatización de canalización de entrega continua
• automated remediation in case of configuration drift

You can purchase this software as an on-premise or SaaS solution by contacting the Chef sales team for custom quotes or buying it from Azure or AWS marketplace.

plano cruzado

Basado en Kubernetes, plano cruzado es un código abierto platform that orchestrates applications and infrastructure. It allows you to build a control plane with Kubernetes-style declarative and API-driven configuration to manage your application stacks, allowing efficient DevOps processpor ejemplo.

Caracteristicas

• Control de acceso basado en roles (RBAC)
• Configuración declarativa
• Integrarates with CI/CD pipelines
• automate operational tasks by reconciling controllers

The tool allows users to self-service control planes and offer a single control point for policy and permissions.

Tablero de ideas

Tablero de ideas is a collaborative tool built for engineers, cloud architects, DevOps, and infrastructure managers to design & manage cloud infrastructures visually. platform allows architects to drag and drop cloud infrastructure, data, custom resources, and Terraform modules from cloud providers supported by Terraform. 

Caracteristicas

• Integrarates con Azure, AWS, Oracle, and GCP
• Capacidades de arrastrar y soltar
• Autogeneraciónate terraform code
• Vistaally build CI/CD pipelines
• Self-service infrastructure

Brainboard offers two paid plans (pro and enterprise) and a free plan for a team of two users. The pro (for production and teams) plan starts at $99. Pricing for the enterprise plan is available on request.

Reflexiones finales

When shopping for the best IaC solution for your organization, you may be tempted to choose a solution associated with a popular company. Don’t just settle for the first option that seems to fit – find the one that is truly tailored to your needs.

The best tool for you depends on your specific needs and requirements. We recommend you do your own research, evaluate various tools, read product revObtenga vistas en sitios web independientes y solicite una demostración del producto o regístrese para una prueba gratuita (si está disponible). Esto le permitirá evaluar las herramientas y seleccionar la mejor opción para sus necesidades comerciales. 

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